Children's educational games, lessons, crafts. Children's educational games, lessons, crafts Description of the game set

The spirograph was invented by British engineer Denys Fisher (1918-2002) in 1962. The invention did not help Denis advance in his work, but his family members liked it so much that he decided to release it as a toy. The first customers received the toy in 1965.

The Spirograph was named the best educational toy in the world for 4 years in a row, from 1965 to 1969.

A standard spirograph is a rectangular ruler (basic stencil) with two working jagged holes inside. The holes are round and have different diameters. 96 cloves are cut in the smaller hole, 105 cloves are cut in the larger hole.

The ruler comes with several gears, with holes inside, and a set of curly stencils that have the correct geometric shape (rhombus, triangle, square, star, octahedron).

In the complete set there are also stencils in the form of figures of fish (dolphin, shark), butterflies, a bow, a hedgehog, a cat, crosses and a stencil-protractor in the form of a circle.

Spirograph is one of the most highly intellectual games of the 20th century. The number of patterns drawn is calculated as a figure with four zeros. And it is limited only by the imagination and abilities of the person himself.

In children, the spirograph develops imagination, fantasy, creative and logical thinking, the ability to draw, hand motor skills and hand coordination. Improves handwriting character and increases writing speed. Teaches color modeling and spatial thinking. Improves aesthetic abilities and increases intelligence.

In adults, the spirograph raises vitality and calms nervous system. As a result, the number of stresses and minor diseases decreases. Can be used for various kinds design and drawing work.

Spirograph is a new type of game that simulates the creative process itself and creates its own microclimate. Physiologist X. Hoagland, paying attention to the depth and complexity of intellectual creative games, said: "Understanding the atom is child's play compared to understanding child's play."

A bit of math

Hypotrochoid with parameters R= 1.0, r= 0.6, d= 1.2.

The figure obtained using the simplest spirograph from two circles, when a small one (of radius r) with a hole at a distance d from the center, rotates in a large one (of radius R), is called a hypotrochoid. Its formula in Cartesian coordinates is:

The patterns obtained using a spirograph directly depend on the number of teeth of the working circles and movable wheels.

Patterns drawn with squares, stars, butterflies, etc. depend on the distance between the teeth of these figures. This is where the concept of "squaring the circle" comes into play.

The entire length (along the perimeter) between the teeth of the figurine can be expressed in terms of the circumference. For example, drawing a square and a circle, both of which have a perimeter equal to the length of the circle, will result in patterns with an equal number of points. Only a pattern drawn in a circle will have rounded points (rays), and a pattern drawn in a square will have broken, sharp ones.

You decide to draw

A ruler with a set of figures should be, precisely, of high quality - that is, from good manufacturer. Otherwise, you risk wasting a lot of energy and nerve cells. The spirograph is a fairly high-precision instrument. The resulting pattern and, of course, your mood directly depend on the accuracy of the manufacture of its teeth and figures.

And so, you have a good spirograph with a set of figures in your hands. Where to start? First of all, you need to stock up on a set of pens or pencils. Better than pens. Felt pens are not suitable, as they will smear the drawing on paper under the wheels of the spirograph. It is desirable to take paper denser, but you can draw on a regular copier.

Lay the album sheet on a flat table surface. Make sure that no small objects, grains of sand, crumbs get under the sheet, otherwise they will all appear on paper after drawing. Then lay the spirograph flat side down on a sheet of paper.

Put a wheel or figure into the working gear hole so that their teeth engage with the teeth of the working hole. Insert the handle into one of the holes on the wheel or figurine and, slowly, roll it around the jagged circle. At the same time, lightly press the main stencil against the paper. The pen will start drawing the pattern. After a few revolutions along the working circle, the pen will return to its original point and the pattern will close.

Change the color of the ballpoint pen and the hole and repeat again the circular movements of the wheel or figure, as in the first time. Got another pattern on top.

I must say that if you are drawing with a spirograph for the first time, then make all circular movements along the working circle smoothly, slowly, without tearing the wheel or figure from the teeth of the spirograph. It's like riding a bike for the first time. It takes a lot of patience and diligence to ride it. It’s the same here: ten minutes of training, and you are already quickly turning the wheels along the teeth of the working circle with the handle. And in half an hour - you are already aces in this matter.

If the child is 3-4 years old, then for the speedy adaptation and strengthening of the hand, one should start drawing from the central holes of the wheels. And then in a spiral: from the middle to the edge of the gear wheels.

Curly stencils (squares, stars, fish, butterflies, etc.) are a little more difficult to work with, but also more interesting. The figurines roll in jumps, through several teeth along the working circle of the spirograph.

When a child begins to easily draw with butterflies, bows, squares, triangles, then a skill appears and, of course, delight and joy. And when children master the technique of moving along a jagged circle with fish and a rhombus, then mastery and confidence in their creativity appear.

A spirograph ruler is an amazing and strange thing, a cross between a protractor and a protractor. To the untrained eye, this toy appears to be a complex device designed to create intricate design drawings. Indeed, the spirograph was made in 1962 specifically for working on the drawings of air bombs. The invention of Denis Fisher was not useful in the development of weapons, and the children were delighted. After the engineer registered a patent for the spirograph and put it on the market, this toy gained recognition all over the world.

Equipment

The ruler-spirograph consists directly of the main stencil and several gear elements of the correct geometric shape with holes inside. There are additional stencils in the form various figurines(butterfly, cross, bow) and a protractor ruler in the form of a circle. The resulting pattern depends on the number and distance between the teeth of the moving elements. Using different drawing methods using templates, you can get fancy openwork images.

How to draw with a spirograph?

In children, the spirograph ruler helps in the formation of creative and logical thinking, improves fine motor skills and develop hand coordination. In adults, when drawing, irritability decreases and stress resistance increases. A smart purchase for the whole family is a spirograph ruler. How to draw so that the use of this device in creativity is beneficial?

The album sheet should lie on a flat surface. The spirograph is placed with the embossed side up. The insert figure is inserted inside the ruler so that the teeth are connected to the working hole. With a pen inserted into one of the holes in the insert, without lifting the figure from the teeth of the ruler, make smooth rotational movements. The pen will begin to draw spiral patterns. After a few turns in a circle, the pattern will close at the starting point. You can experiment with the pattern by changing the stencil holes and colors, the shading of the resulting vignettes.

To strengthen the coordination of the child's hand, you need to start drawing from the inner holes of the liners. Such drawings will be larger. A little more difficult, but more interesting to work with curly stencils. The figures move unevenly, in jumps along the working circle of the spirograph.

Why use a spirograph?

Many children need hand training before entering school. A stencil ruler will help you learn to write more accurately and faster. Spirograph in game form For schoolchildren, the process of drawing soft symmetrical lines trains the muscles of the hand, this helps to improve handwriting and increase the speed of writing. The spirograph ruler improves visual perception, the concept of spatial structure, and aesthetic image. For an adult, this occupation calms. The geometry of Buddhist mandalas is similar in structure with precise proportions of patterns. Drawing rounded lines leads to harmony.

For children

Playing with a spirograph is a creative process. Among the advantages inherent in the use of this toy, one can note the increase in the perseverance of the child. Drawing with spirograph figurines is a fun activity. The number of drawn ornaments is great. Their number is limited only by imagination. When a child moves away from template patterns and begins to draw easily with the help of figures, then mastery and confidence in their skills appear. Gradually, from simple to complex, motor skills and hand coordination develop, the ratio of figures and resulting patterns is remembered. Gradually, by combining colors and lines, harmonious drawings appear. The developing toy improves the artistic abilities of the child, forms fine skills. The use of stencils can be used for creative work.

Fascinating action - the transformation of chaotic lines into clear ones The opportunity to create, to feel like a designer, will be presented by a ruler-spirograph. The price of this intellectual toy is a particularly attractive factor. Simple models of spirographs can be found on sale at a cost of about 14 rubles.

Description of the game set

Material: plastic.
Manufacturer: Holland
Contents: Base with ruler, 3 notched circles, 3 pens, drawing pad.

REVIEWS
In addition to two circles, the ruler has a rectangular slot for a small gear wheel with which you can draw rectangular patterns. Also, the entire ruler along the perimeter also has teeth, which makes it possible to draw all kinds of openwork frames.

If the child is 3-4 years old, then for the speedy adaptation and strengthening of the hand, one should start drawing from the central holes of the wheels. And then in a spiral: from the middle to the edge of the gear wheels.

Gradually, the child develops coordination of the movement of the hand, motor skills of the hand. Remembers what figure, what he draws. And in a day or two, he will learn what patterns each hole makes on any wheel or figure. Now you can start combining with colored pens. We begin to model warm tones (red, yellow, green) with cold ones (blue, cyan, purple). A little more time and harmonious patterns appear, and you and your child master the secret of color.

This is where the time comes to get spatial drawings. By painting the near or far background on the pattern, three-dimensional drawings are created. By superimposing a pattern on one another and drawing on drawing, whole panoramas of colors are obtained. And you are further and further immersed in your own fantasy world...