Largest seaports on the map.

Management "Oceanic ways of the world" is intended for choosing the most advantageous route of the vessel between different points of the World Ocean.

Management "Oceanic ways of the world" Corrected according to notices to mariners of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense on issue No. 12 dated March 15, 1980.
Use of the recommendations in this manual should be in accordance with the rules of international maritime law and the regime established by the coastal State.
Information about the changes that took place after the specified date is published in notices to mariners of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense and additions to the manual.

CONTENTS:
SECTION I. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.
Chapter 1. Choice and calculation of the route and hydrometeorological survey.
SECTION II ROUTES OF SHIPS.
Chapter 2. North Atlantic Ocean.
Chapter 3. South Atlantic Ocean.
CHAPTER 4. Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.
CHAPTER 5. Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Chapter 6. Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.
Chapter 7. Pacific Ocean and Australian-Asian Seas.
Chapter 8. Interoceanic compound paths.
SECTION III REFERENCE.
Brief description of the main straits and passages.
List of geographic objects and their coordinates.
Alphabetical index of paths.
APPENDICES.
(in the pocket of the book).
1. Map-scheme " Ocean paths of the world».
2. Climate map of the world (January).
3. Climate map of the world (July).
4. Scheme of the World Ocean currents.

Modern ships choose the shortest paths in the ocean, which pass, if the conditions of navigational safety permit, along the arc of a great circle (orthodromy).
However, even large modern ships are forced to choose routes also taking into account hydrometeorological conditions.

The descriptions of the routes are preceded by information characterizing, mainly, in hydrometeorological terms, the sailing conditions. Where necessary, the most important navigational information is also provided.

For the convenience of subsequent proofreading, the numbering of articles given in the foreign manual has been retained in the manual. Some of the articles in the manual are omitted because they contain either generally known or not of practical interest.

The manual does not replace sailing guidelines and other navigation aids and does not exempt boatmasters from using them.

The hydrometeorological charts included in the appendix serve for a preliminary assessment of hydrometeorological conditions that are important for choosing a route.

Routes between ports of the same ocean are described in the corresponding chapter of the manual. Interoceanic compound paths are described in Ch. eight.
All paths are divided into those recommended for movement in both directions or only in one, but for the time of use - for movement throughout the year or only in certain seasons, about which there are corresponding instructions in the text and on the diagrams.

The manual does not take into account the special requirements for ships with a draft of more than 12 m, in particular for supertankers. Such vessels should, however, be able to keep clear of paths commonly used by vessels of medium draft.

In areas prone to volcanic activity, high coral growth, and large numbers of fishing boats, special care should be taken when navigating the recommended routes.

The oceanic path diagrams in the text and appendix illustrate the main paths described in the manual.
These schemes are not suitable for navigation purposes.

Every day thousands of ships sail the seas. If you schematically depict their routes, you get such an interesting world sea routes map.

Recently discovered a great service where you can easily find all major ports in the world on the map.

The resource is designed for professionals. On the site you can find shipping lines, the names of all seaports of each country, a catalog of companies, both by categories of shipping and by individual countries.

In the reference book of the site, you can find a glossary of maritime and transport terms, cargo hazard classes, a map of container terminals, chartering abbreviations, conditions for the delivery of a container by shipping lines, the phonetic alphabet Alpha Bravo Charlie, etc. The site provides a convenient search for a shipping line, identifies ports serving a shipping line and transit time for the movement of cargo. The resource provides information on suppliers, forwarders, ship repair, warehousing services and much more. Also on the site you can determine the distance between ports.

I was interested in seaports map with container terminals... A little about how to use this card. When you go to the seaports map, you see a small map.

Click on the region you are interested in or use the panel on the left on the map. Zoom in, for example, the area of ​​Great Britain and click on it (there are a lot of ports), red flags will appear on the map, indicating the ports. To see the name of the port, click on the checkbox. Additional information on ports is also found under the map. In general, look and study everything yourself on the site

We present to you a unique map with which you can find the location of any ship in the world's oceans, as well as determine the direction of its movement.

The technology on which the card is based relies on a network of satellites capable of receiving encrypted signals from the Automatic Identification System, or AIS. This system is designed specifically for civilian navigation and is an encrypted signal transmitted by the ship into orbit. The signal contains basic information not only about the direction of movement of the vessel, but also key data about it - name, type, speed, cargo, port of destination, etc. The information received by the satellites is transmitted to the ground, where it is automatically processed.

The result of such processing was embodied in interactive map ship traffic, which can be seen below.

Interactive ship traffic map

Search for a ship by its name

A legend is attached to the map, thanks to which it is possible to determine the type of ship being monitored. Similar data can be obtained by clicking on its icon on the map. It is possible to observe the movement of ships both in satellite mode and in the mode of overlaying a real picture. In addition, knowing the name of the ship, you can find it on the map. To do this, you must enter the name in the appropriate field on English language... If everything is done correctly, the map will center itself on the selected ship.
Video instruction for finding ships on the map

Map update

Almost all data shown on the map is updated in real time. At the same time, it is worth remembering that the speed of movement of the ship in the open sea is relatively low, so if it seems that the ship is not moving, then perhaps it is worth just waiting. However, the reason for the "freezing" of the ship may be not only this - the AIS satellite network still has "white spots" in the world's oceans, into which ships periodically fall. In this case, you just need to wait until the ship can again communicate with satellites - its location will be updated.

The choice of the right direction of movement for fast and profitable delivery of goods to the port of destination is a prerequisite for an economically rational organization of transport shipping. In theory, a ship can navigate the open sea in any way available to it in size. However, the speed and safety of traffic is influenced by wind, waves, currents, fogs, the presence of ice, underwater and surface navigation hazards, the density of vessel traffic, the possibility of replenishing ship's stores, the presence of areas prohibited for navigation, etc.

For safe sailing are necessary nautical charts . They are produced in several types, depending on the purpose:

navigation (general, travel, private, plans);

auxiliary (grid maps for ocean navigation, radio navigation, etc.);

reference (time zones, hydrometeorological, terrestrial magnetism, starry sky etc.).

In addition, in the regions of the World Ocean, sailing directions . These are books describing sailing conditions and the coastline. Additionally published various navigation aids: books of lights and signs, radio navigation aids. All changes on maps, directions and navigational aids are reported in Notices to Mariners... All this work is carried out by special hydrographic organizations. In connection with the development of information technology, all modern ships are equipped with electronic charts.

In the ocean, the shortest distance is orthodromy - a line or arc of a great circle passing through two points on the surface of the globe. In the mercator projection on nautical charts, it is depicted as a curved line facing the convexity of the nearest pole. This is the shortest distance between the points of departure and arrival, but due to the above reasons, such a path may not be the most profitable and safe, since sometimes it leads to the area of ​​storms or ice, etc.

The main world trade routes include eight major areas of maritime trade:

North Atlantic route,

trade route Mediterranean Sea - Asia - Australia,

South American way,

trade route of the Caribbean,

South Pacific Route,

North Pacific Route,

The route Europe - South America

and the South African route.

(L.K. Kendall. Marine business. - M .: Transport, 1978. S. 7)

First place in terms of the intensity of shipping at the beginning of the XXI century is Atlantic Ocean (approximately 3/5 of all shipping). Most of the world's major ports are located along the shores of this ocean. The most important direction- North Atlantic, connecting the two most powerful centers of the modern world economy - the United States and Europe. It is adjacent to the sea routes of the Mediterranean, Norwegian and North Seas. Less intense other directions in the Atlantic Ocean:

South Atlantic (Europe - South America)

and West Atlantic (Europe - Africa).

Meaning The Atlantic Ocean in the world economy due to the intensive development of the countries of Southeast Asia constantly falling.

Pacific Ocean takes second place in terms of the volume of shipping (approximately 1/4), but its share constantly increases. The most important direction is trans-pacific connecting the ports of the USA and Canada with the countries of Southeast Asia. The range of transported goods is very diverse: from food to machinery and equipment. Transoceanic include transport bridges(coal, iron ore, bauxite), connecting Australia with Japan and other countries of East Asia. There are also developed shipping lines along the Asian and American continents.

Third place in terms of traffic volume Indian Ocean (1/6). Most essential value it has sea transportation from Europe to Asia and Australia through the Suez Canal. In terms of the intensity of oil transportation from the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean ranks first. Of less importance in the global economy are transoceanic directions linking Australia with Africa and Europe along the Cape of Good Hope.

V Arctic ocean merchant shipping is carried out sporadically.

Taking into account the experience of sailing, for ocean crossings created special allowances - « Ocean paths of the world". They are designed in two versions: for ships with strong power plants and with weak ones. In addition, crossing the ocean is practiced under the guidance of the hydrometeorological office. In this case, the captain regularly receives recommendations on the route from the coast station based on the hydrometeorological information available to her. In any case, the final decision on the choice of the path remains with the captain.

To improve the safety of navigation, in relation to local conditions, developed recommended routes of vessels... Where ship traffic is especially intense, it is practiced to establish zones or areas of traffic separation... For example, in the Straits of Gibraltar, the Baltic (Danish), the Black Sea straits, the English Channel, etc. There are large traffic flows through these straits, since they are the most profitable sea trade routes. Below are the brief information about the most important, from the point of view of merchant shipping, straits.

Baltic straits (otherwise Danish ) consist of three straits: Big Belt, Small White Sound. They connect the Baltic Sea and the North Sea through the wide Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. The Baltic straits separate the coasts of Denmark and Sweden.

The Little Belt has a length of 120 km, a minimum width of 700 m, a passage depth of 15 m. There is a bridge across it. The passage of ships is difficult. Most of the ships use the Great Belt. Its length is 117 km, the minimum width is 18.5 km, the passage depth is 20-25 m, in the fairway up to 30 m. The sound is 100 km long, the minimum width is 4 km, the passage is 7 m deep. It is difficult for large ships to pass through it, but when entering the Baltic straits, pilotage is voluntary, while transit passage through the straits, no dues are charged.

English Channel (English channel ) and Pas-de-Calais (Dover ) connect the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Separate the shores of England and France. Minimum width 18 miles. There are no special rules for passage outside the territorial waters of coastal states. The area is extremely busy with shipping: about a thousand ships pass in both directions every day. A railway tunnel passes under the strait.

strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Length - 65 km, minimum width 14.2 km, depth from 338 to 1181 m. On the Gibraltar peninsula with an area of ​​5 sq. km is a naval base. The height of the rock of Gibraltar is 429 m. Fortifications are carved inside the rock. It belongs to the category of international straits, so the passage through the strait of all ships is free.

Straits of Malacca and Singapore connect the Andaman Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) with the South China Sea. The Strait of Malacca is about 432 miles long and 21.6 miles wide at its narrowest. It passes into the Singapore Strait overlooking the South China Sea, the length of which is 110 km, the width is from 4.6 km to 21 km. There are no international agreements on the straits regime. The passage of vessels is free, but the sailing conditions are difficult, therefore pilotage is recommended for large-tonnage vessels. One of the most important sea routes passes through the straits. Separates the coasts of Malaysia and Singapore in the northeast and Indonesia in the southwest (Sumatra). In recent years, it has become known as an area dangerous in terms of piracy.

Strait of Magellan connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Passes between the mainland South America and the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego islands, etc. Washes the coast of two states: Argentina and Chile. The length of the strait is 575 km. Width at its narrowest point is up to two miles (3.5 km). It is open for free passage of ships, but it is dangerous to navigate on it. After the construction of the Panama Canal, the significance of the Strait of Magellan for world shipping was lost.

Bab el-Mandeb strait (Arab. Gate of Sorrow, Gate of Tears ) connects the Red Sea with the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean). The sea transport route of world importance passes along it. Separates the Arabian Peninsula from Africa. It is 109 km long, the smallest width is 26 km. The depth of the fairway is 31 m. In the middle of the strait there is a small island of Perim. Ethiopia is located on the African coast, Yemen is on the Arabian coast.

Bosphorus and Dardanelles (Black Sea straits ) are an area of ​​active shipping. The Bosphorus connects the Black and Marmara Sea and has a length of 30 km, an average width of 2 km, a minimum depth in the fairway of 20 m.The Dardanelles connect the Aegean Sea of ​​Marmara and are 120.5 km long, 1.3-2.7 km wide, and 40 m deep. -153 m. On average, about 150 ships pass through the straits per day.

The procedure for passage through the Black Sea Straits is governed by the Convention on the Regime of the Black Sea Straits, signed in Montreux (Switzerland) in 1936. Restrictions on freedom of navigation apply only to warships, merchant ships of all countries enjoy the right of free passage of the straits.

After the collapse of the USSR, Turkey tightened the procedure for the passage of ships from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles. The new restrictions are explained by the requirements for the safety of navigation and the environment. On October 3, 2002, the Turkish maritime authorities changed the rules for regulating the movement of ships through the Turkish straits. Thus, ships over 200 m in length (mostly tankers with a carrying capacity of 60,000 tons) are prohibited from simultaneously moving along the straits in opposite directions. This led to an increase in the waiting time for tankers to pass and, accordingly, to an increase in the cost of their freight.

On average, every month Russia exports 3.5 million tons of oil and oil products from Novorossiysk and 1 million tons from Tuapse. Some experts believe that restrictions on passage through the straits serve as a political argument for Turkey in support of oil transportation via the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline (opened in 2006), which gives Caspian oil access to the Mediterranean Sea bypassing Russia.

The organization of ship traffic is significantly influenced by artificial canals , built to reduce the length of shipping. They are also of great military and strategic importance.

The oldest of them - Suez canal , connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Built in 1859-1869. Passes through the territory of Egypt. Port Said is located at the northern entrance to the canal, and Suez at the southern entrance.

The length of the canal is 86 miles, with approaching sea channels 93 miles, the width along the surface is 120-150 m, along the bottom is 45-60 m, the passage depth is 16 m, which allows the passage of vessels up to 150 thousand tons of displacement.

There are no gateways. There are two entrances from the north, and one from the south. Movement in caravans, at a speed of 7 knots. In the area of ​​Bolshoy Gorky Lake, caravans from the north and south diverge. The order of ships in the caravan is determined by the administration of the channel. Fast ships are placed at the head of the caravan. There are sailing rules and rules for measuring ships. The administration of the channel is located in Ismailia.

The average daily passage of ships is about 70. 14% of all international maritime traffic passes through the canal, of which 70% is oil and oil products. It cuts the route from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and back by about half. This is important, given that at least 80 million tons of cargo are annually passed through the Suez Canal in the southern direction (export from Western Europe) and in the western direction (Far Eastern imports).

For eight years from 1967 to 1975. traffic on the canal was stopped due to the Arab-Israeli war. For the operation of the canal, Egypt receives up to $ 2 billion annually.

Next oldest Corinth canal , crosses the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece and connects the Aegean and Ionian Seas. Built in 1881-1893 Length 6.3 km, width 24.6 m, depth 8 m. Vessels with a displacement of up to 5 thousand tons can pass. The movement is alternating, one-way. About 15 thousand ships pass annually.

Kiel Canal connects the North and Baltic Seas, runs through the Jutland Peninsula. Built in 1887-1895 Passes through the territory of Germany. Length 98.7 km, width 104 m on the surface, 44 m on the bottom, depth 11.3 m. Traffic is one-way, but there are 11 extensions for the divergence of ships. Locks only to protect the channel from sudden sea level fluctuations.

Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Laid across the Isthmus of Panama. The direction of the channel is from north-west to south-east. Construction began in 1879 by France, and in 1904 the right to build was transferred to the United States. The first ship passed in 1914, the official opening of the canal took place in 1920. The canal was controlled by the United States until December 31, 1999, after which it was transferred to the government of Panama.

The ships move along the canal on their own, and they are pulled into the locks with the help of electric locomotives. Forced pilotage is applied: the pilot and a special mooring crew are in full control of the vessel. The channel travel time is ten hours (on average), the minimum is four hours. The maximum number of locks per day is 40-50. The channel can handle about 17.5 thousand ships a year. In fact, it is 12-14 thousand. The passage by the canal is ten times cheaper than the route around Cape Horn, since it reduces the distance by 2.5-3 times.